Vitamin B-12, Cobalamine, is critical in the formation and function of the nervous system, memory, the immune system, the blood system and the digestive system. Deficiency is a common problem, especially among the elderly.

Replication of cells, cellular metabolism, utilization of essential fatty acids and production of prostaglandins are also dependent on adequate levels of B-12.

CAUSES OF DEFICIENCY

Absorption of B-12 from the small intestine requires production of both acid and "instrinsic factor" by the stomach. Deficiency of both is common as we age.

Other risk factors for deficiency include: 1) Prior stomach or small intestine surgery, 2) lack of stomach acid production, 3) some anti-ulcer drugs and 4) inflammatory bowel disease, especially Crohn's disease. B12 is absorbed in the area of the small intestine (terminal ileum) most commonly effected by Crohns disease.

RESULTS OF DEFICIENCY

B-12 deficiency can be associated with many diseases. Unfortunately, deficiency may be present long before the typical anemia develops and even B-12 blood levels are not accurate predictors of deficiency induced disease.

B-12 deficiency can cause symptoms that are easily confused with Alzheimers disease, peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, Multiple Sclerosis, Amytrophic Lateral Sclerosis and other diseases. Supplementation will generally relieve these symptoms.